Все жанры Все авторы
The emergence of armies and armed forces - Андрей Тихомиров, Николай Литвинов

The emergence of armies and armed forces

Страниц

20

Год

2023

The birth and evolution of military forces are intricately intertwined with the emergence and progression of class society and the state. Throughout history, armies and armed forces have played a pivotal role in safeguarding the interests and upholding the power dynamics of ruling classes.

The journey commences with the formation of the slave system, which marked the advent of the first class society. It is during this era that armies began to take shape. As civilization advanced and productive forces evolved, influencing industrial relations, warfare underwent a significant transformation. Consequently, the nature of warfare and the methods employed changed, leading to corresponding evolutions in the organization of armies.

Over time, the organization of armies adapted to suit the particular forms and techniques prevalent in warfare. The militias and standing armies prevalent in the slave-owning period gradually gave way to recruiting and mercenary troops during the feudal era. Subsequently, these feudal practices made room for the development of modern, cadre armies characterized by universal military service, with only occasional deviations from this norm.

It is imperative to note that this account simplifies the intricate tapestry of military history. Countless factors, ranging from technological advancements to cultural shifts, have influenced the evolution of armies and armed forces. Each epoch has left its mark, shaping the organization and characteristics of military structures, bringing us to the present state of military affairs.

Читать бесплатно онлайн The emergence of armies and armed forces - Андрей Тихомиров, Николай Литвинов

The creation of armies in the history of different countries

The primitive communal system did not have an army, since there were no classes and no state in it. The generic organization of the society had only a self-acting armed organization of the population. The decomposition of tribal society into classes led to the emergence of the army as an instrument of class domination and oppression, and the self-acting armed organization of the population became impossible. In a slave-owning society, wars were primarily fought in pursuit of slaves and armies were slave-owning. Permanent armies were not formed immediately. The army of Ancient Egypt was based on military settlements and was located on the borders of the state, where allotment of land was payment for military service. Later, permanent armies appeared, the main purpose of which was to keep the population of the conquered regions in subjection and suppress uprisings. This, for example, was typical of the standing army created by Darius Hystaspes in the Persian Empire.

"A new page in the history of India begins with the era of chariot invasions by Indo-European semi-nomadic peoples from the steppes of the Urals and Altai. It was the beginning of a new historical period in ancient India, it is called the "Vedic" in connection with the ancient sacred Indian literature, the texts of the Vedas, the collection (Samhita) of hymns in the Vedic language (the predecessor of Sanskrit). Although these texts were composed between 1500 and 1000 BC, their complete collection was not clearly recorded until 900 or 800 BC. By that time, much of the meaning of these religious texts had already been lost due to many changes in social, economic, religious and political life. The reasons for the conquest of Northern India by the Aryans are as follows: the "tanks" of antiquity are widely used – cavalry and chariots, iron weapons, perhaps something like catapults spewing a fiery barrage of fire, since traces of severe high-temperature fires have been found in Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. The oldest city in Palestine, Megiddon, was destroyed several times due to terrible fires that engulfed the entire city, this was established by archaeological excavations and belonged to the V and VI layers. The word "armageddon" later came from the name of this city – the place where, according to Revelation John (16:16), when the end of the world comes, the last battle will take place with the participation of all the kings of the earth. Scientific research has proved that Armageddon is a distorted Hebrew phrase translated as "the mountain near the city of Megiddo" (in northern Palestine), where many decisive battles took place in ancient times due to the geographical location of this area, and the Roman garrison, known for its cruelty, was stationed there.

The fire trails were left by the ancient Aryans everywhere they visited. Including where their possible predecessors, arias, were located. A monstrous fire destroyed Troy II (many layers were found in Troy), traces of a monstrous fire were found everywhere in this layer. Not far from Babylon are the ruins of Borsippa. The first explorers considered them to be part of the urban area of Babylon. There, in Borsippa, the remains of the temple towered, which best tell about the way the Babylonians and Assyrians once erected their towers. In the turbulent years of the formation of archaeology, the idea arose that this tower from Borsippa could be identified with the world-famous Tower of Babel, which is mentioned in the Bible. Archaeologists have found huge religious premises of the temple and its extraordinarily powerful walls. Since ancient times, traces of a fire disaster have remained on them, which destroyed the temple to the ground. The temple tower was badly damaged during the fire. " (Tikhomirov A.E., Collection of articles in 2014, "PoLyART", Orenburg, 2015, p. 244).

Вам может понравиться: